Last Updated on September 25, 2019
I would like to compare actively managed mutual funds with a set of indices every quarter to find out how effectively fund managers are able to beat benchmarks after expenses. I consider large cap mutual funds in this post as an update to the previous report published in Dec. 2016.
There is a lot of speculation about the disappearance of “alpha” from actively managed mutual funds. For someone who understands portfolio management, alpha refers to this:
If you can recall 11th standard geometry, alpha is the intercept and beta the slope. In other words, if the index return equalled the return from a risk-free instrument (like a FD), then alpha is the extra return that the fund manager produced.
When you hear someone say, “studies show that alpha is decreasing”, then the alpha they refer to is calculated as shown above.
However, for the common man, alpha is just fund return minus the index return. If the Sensex total returns index (dividends reinvested) gave 10% over the last year and my fund gave 11% (always after expenses), the alpha or the outperformance I perceive is 1%.
If Sensex gave -5% and my fund is -4%, the perceived outperformance is the same.
The standard alpha calculation is arbitrary due to the need for setting a risk-free return. Then, there is an incorrect underlying assumption involved that returns fall on a bell curve. Therefore, I will prefer not to take such studies seriously and simply focus on plan outperformance. Of course, I cannot then discuss how well the fund manager managed risk, that is okay for a start.
Also, I compare the bare index (no expenses are factored in the index return – which is not practical) and I use only regular funds for comparison. While direct funds (no commissions) will improve the active fund performance a bit, it is better to tilt the scale in favour of the indices, to begin with, and then check for the outperformance.
The passive “funds” considered are:
1 BSE Large Cap Total Returns Index (TRI)
2 Nifty 50 TRI
3 Nifty 50 Value 20: the 20 most liquid value blue chip stocks selected from the Nifty 50 index. Read more: Nifty50 Value 20 Index (NV20) as a mutual fund benchmark
4 Nifty Quality 30: 30 stocks that show signs of a “durable business model”. A quality score is assigned after considering ROE, Debt/Equity and Profit After Tax for the last three financial years. Read more: Nifty Strategy Indices as Mutual Fund Benchmarks
5 Nifty Low Volatility: A portfolio of 50 stocks that has the least volatility among all the stocks listed on the NSE. This is referred to as a smart beta strategy. Read more: Nifty Low Volatility 50: A Benchmark Index to watch out for.
One can debate if the last two indices are truly “large cap”, but both of them are less volatile than the Nifty 50. So I believe the comparison is justified.
6. This time I have also added the BSE Balanced Index.
This has
70% of S&P BSE AllCap Index (total returns index) and
30% of S&P BSE India Bond Index.
The BSE Allcap index has about 70% large cap allocation, 15% mid-cap and 15% small-cap. This I believe represents a typical portfolio alignment of most equity-oriented balanced funds. The 70% allocation to this equity index also reflects the typical asset allocation of such funds.
The BSE Indian Bond Index is a composite bond index that consists of both government and corporate bonds with a maturity duration that is neither too small or nor too long. I think this is a suitable candidate for the fixed income portfolio.
Active Large Cap funds vs BSE Large Cap TRI
Active Large Cap funds vs Nifty TRI
Active Large Cap funds vs Nifty Low Volatility
Active Large Cap funds vs Nifty 50 Value 20
Active Large Cap funds vs Nifty Quality 30
Active Large Cap funds vs BSE Balanced TRI
The Nifty Next 50 is the most promising index fund that I have seen, but that is strictly not a large cap index. The next promising index is the Nifty Low Volatility 50 (although not strictly large cap).
Someone, please make an index fund (not ETF) based on this already!
I think most fund managers easily manage to beat other standard large cap indices.
So what are your thoughts about this data?
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